The Philosophy Department is responsible for teaching and research in philosophical disciplines at the University of Oviedo. These disciplines include ethics (including bioethics), moral and political philosophy, aesthetics and theory of the arts, logic, philosophy of language, philosophy of mind, philosophy of science and technology (including philosophy of human and social sciences), metaphysics, philosophy of religion, philosophical anthropology, history of philosophy, philosophy of history, theory of knowledge and natural philosophy.

The Department of Philosophy also carries out work to disseminate philosophy and aims to serve as a node in the network that connects all the people and institutions that cultivate philosophy in Asturias with those that do so in other parts of the world. The Department of Philosophy encompasses four areas of knowledge: Aesthetics and Theory of the Arts, Philosophy, Moral Philosophy and Logic and Philosophy of Science.